Thursday, August 27, 2020

Changing Media, Changing China Free Essays

evolving media, changing china This page deliberately left clear CHANGING MEDIA, CHANGING CHINA Edited by Susan L. Evade 2011 Oxford University Press, Inc. , distributes works that further Oxford University’s target of greatness in exploration, grant, and training. We will compose a custom exposition test on Evolving Media, Changing China or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With workplaces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright  © 2011 by Susan L. Avoid Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www. oup. com Oxford is an enrolled trademark of Oxford University Press All rights saved. No piece of this distribution might be imitated, put away in a recovery framework, or transmitted, in any structure or using any and all means, electronic, mechanical, copying, recording, or something else, without the earlier consent of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Changing media, changing China/altered by Susan L. Avoid. p. cm. Incorporates bibliographical references and file. ISBN 978-0-19-975198-3; 978-0-19-975197-6 (pbk. ) 1. Mass mediaâ€China. 2. Broad communications and cultureâ€China. I. Evade, Susan L. P92. C5C511 2010 302. 230951â€dc22 2010012025 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on corrosive free paper Contents 1. Evolving Media, Changing China 1 Susan L. Avoid 2. China’s Emerging Public Sphere: The Impact of Media Commercialization, Professionalism, and the Internet in an Era of Transition 38 Qian Gang and David Bandurski 3. The Rise of the Business Media in China Hu Shuli 4. Among Propaganda and Commercials: Chinese Television Today 91 Miao Di 5. Natural Journalism in China Zhan Jiang 115 77 6. Building Human Souls: The Development of Chinese Military Journalism and the Emerging Defense Media Market 128 Tai Ming Cheung 7. Evolving Media, Changing Courts 150 Benjamin L. Liebman 8. What Kind of Information Does the Public Demand? Getting the News during the 2005 Anti-Japanese Protests 175 Daniela Stockmann 9. The Rise of Online Public Opinion and Its Political Impact 202 Xiao Qiang 10. Evolving Media, Changing Foreign Policy Susan L. Avoid Acknowledgments 253 Contributors 255 Index 259 225 vi Content 1 Changing Media, Changing China Susan L. Avoid ver the previous thirty years, the pioneers of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) have surrendered their syndication over the data arriving at general society. Starting in 1979, they permitted papers, magazines, and TV and radio broadcasts to help themselves by selling promotions and contending in the commercial center. At that point in 1993, they supported the development of an Internet arrange. The financial rationale of these choices was self-evident: requiring broad communications associations to ? nance their tasks through business exercises would decrease the government’s weight and help modernize China’s economy. Furthermore, the Internet would help sling the nation into the positions of innovatively propelled countries. In any case, less clear is whether China’s pioneers foreseen the significant political repercussions that would follow. This assortment of articles investigates how changes in the data environmentâ€stimulated by the powerful blend of business media and Internetâ€are evolving China. The articles are composed by Western China specialists, just as by spearheading columnists and specialists from China, who compose from individual experience about how TV, papers, magazines, and Web-based news locales explore the occasionally tricky crosscurrents O between the market and CCP controls. Despite the fact that they include various sorts of media, the articles share regular topics and subjects: the blast of data made accessible to the general population through market-arranged and Internet-based news sources; how individuals look for solid data; how the populationâ€better educated than at any other time beforeâ€is setting new expectations for government; how authorities respond to these requests; the inner conflict of the administration with regards to the bene? s and dangers of the free ? ow of data, just as their instinctual and arduous endeavors to shape popular feeling by controlling substance; and the manners by which writers and Netizens are avoiding and opposing these controls. Following a concise conservation after the Tiananmen crackdown on understudy demonstrators in June 1989, the commercialization of the broad communications got steam during the 1990s. 1 Today, papers, magazines, TV slots, and news Web locales co ntend ? rcely for crowds and promoting income. After 50 years of being coercively fed CCP purposeful publicity and kept from genuine data about local and universal occasions, the Chinese open has an unquenchable craving for news. This craving is generally obvious in the development of Internet get to and the Web,2 which have increased the measure of data accessible, the assortment of sources, the practicality of the news, and the national and global reach of the news. China has in excess of 384 million Internet clients, more than some other nation, and a shocking 145 million bloggers. 3 The most emotional impact of the Internet is the manner by which quick it can spread data, which thusly helps skirt official restriction. In view of its speed, the Internet is the ? rst place news shows up; it sets the plan for other media. Chinese Internet clients adapt immediately about occasions happening abroad and all through China. Because of the significant news Web locales that gather articles from a huge number of sources, including TV, papers and magazines, and online distributions like sites, and disperse them broadly, a harmful waste webpage or defilement embarrassment in any Chinese city or a politician’s discourse in Tokyo or Washington becomes title text news the nation over. Other corresponding innovations, for example, PDAs, intensify the effect of the Internet. A huge number of individuals get news notices text informed naturally to their mobile phones. China is in any case still far from having a free press. Starting at 2008, China stood near the base of world rankings of opportunity of the press†181 out of 195 countriesâ€as evaluated by the global nongovernmental association (NGO) Freedom House. 4 Freedom House likewise gives a low 2 Changing Media, Changing China score to China’s Internet freedomâ€78 on a scale from 1 to 100, with 100 being the most noticeably terrible. 5 The CCP keeps on observing, blue pencil, and production the substance of the mass mediaâ€including the Webâ€although at an a lot greater expense and less completely than before the multiplication of news sources. During President Hu Jintao’s second term, which started in 2007, the gathering sloped up its endeavors to deal with this new data condition. What at ? rst appeared as though brief measures to forestall destabilizing fights in the number one spot up to the 2008 Olympics and during the twentieth commemoration of the Tiananmen crackdown and other political commemorations in 2009 currently appear to have become a perpetual procedure. Clearly the CCP will take the necessary steps to ensure that the data arriving at the general population through the business media and the Internet doesn't move individuals to challenge party rule. Data the board has become a wellspring of genuine erosion in China’s relations with the United States and other Western nations. In 2010, Google, responding to digital assaults starting in China and the Chinese government’s intensi? ed powers over free discourse on the Internet, took steps to pull out of the nation except if it was permitted to work an un? ltered Chinese language internet searcher. 6 (Beijing had expected Google to ? lter out material the Chinese government thinks about politically touchy as a state of working together in China. After nine days, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, in a discourse about the Internet and the right to speak freely of discourse that had been arranged before Google’s declaration and that didn't concentrate on China or the Google contention, verbalized Internet opportunity as an unequivocal objective of American international strategy. 7 The Chinese government was staggered and frightened by the Google declaration. Goog le’s challenge didn't simply contaminate China’s universal notoriety; it likewise took steps to prepare a hazardous residential backfire. A senior promulgation official I met communicated alarm that Google administrators had made a high-professional? e danger as opposed to utilizing the â€Å"good relationship† the Propaganda Department had built up with organization officials. A Beijing scholastic heard a senior authority state that the legislature was regarding the Google emergency as â€Å"the advanced rendition of June 4,† alluding to the Tiananmen emergency, which nearly cut down Communist Party rule in 1989. In the ? rst twenty-four hours after Google’s sensational proclamation, irate and energized Netizens swarmed into visit rooms to hail Google’s resistance Changing Media, Changing China 3 of free data. Google has just a 25â€30 percent portion of the web crawler business in Chinaâ€the Chinese-possessed Baidu has been supported by the administration and most consumersâ€but Google is emphatically favored by the individuals from the exceptionally taught urban tip top. 8 To keep the contention from working up resistance from this in? uential gathering, the Propaganda Department went to work. Overnight, the prevailing supposition showing up on the Internet turned 180 degrees against Google and the United States. 9 The ace Google messages vanished and were supplanted by allegations against the U. S. government for colludi

Saturday, August 22, 2020

New Generation of a Mobile Primary Frequency Standard

New Generation of a Mobile Primary Frequency Standard New age of a versatile essential recurrence standard dependent on chilly particles S T Mã ¼ller 1, J de Martin Jã ºnior 1, R D Pechoneri 1, P Santa Catharina1, V S Bagnato2 and D V Magalhã £es1 Conceptual. We have built a versatile essential recurrence standard utilizing intra-pit cold cesium particles and the main outcomes demonstrated the benefits of utilizing this sort of framework contrasted with cesium shaft measures. In view of an extending haze of molecules, it has no rigid size confinements and one can envision the chance of a clock significantly progressively conservative. So as to gather another framework significantly littler, we are building up a framework containing lasers, microwave source and depression in a solitary box. The versatile nuclear standard dependent on cool particles is a significant commitment to an essential standard of high importance, and a potential vital item with an expansive scope of uses. Presentation With outstanding exactness, nuclear checks have applications in a few fields of present day essential material science [1]. They permit not exclusively to examine the plainly visible scales speculations like relativity or attraction, yet in addition to know better the minute world, in nuclear scale, on account of quantum mechanics. Two of the primary applications are route and media transmission frameworks, and nuclear references are the core of the most developed route framework, satellite star groupings situating like GPS, GLONASS, and Beidou [2]. The greater part of the superior time principles require an incredibly perplexing development and activity, yet the size of these frameworks makes them contradictory with certain applications, which require a trade off among size and execution. These incorporate space and mechanical applications, for example, media transmission lines, cell phone systems or web, adjustment of instruments, scattering of neighborhood time references with great quality, and so on. The Atomic Time and recurrence Standard Program a work in progress at USP Sã £o Carlos [3] has two primary nuclear recurrence gauges being created, a nuclear wellspring [4] and a framework situated in a chilly nuclear cloud in free development [5]. Other than those exploratory guidelines, our office has business nuclear tickers and a hydrogen maser. The hypothetical and trial information procured with these principles are currently utilized in the advancement of a versatile nuclear recurrence standard, which ought to keep up a similar degree of soundness and precision of the exploratory arrangements. To guarantee the versatility of the framework, new diode laser sources, microwave synthesizer, vacuum and control frameworks are being upgraded. Trial arrangement and transient succession The point of this task is the development of a chilly iotas reduced recurrence standard that works in a creative manner, since the means of the succession happen in a similar spot, inside a microwave hole. For the physical bundle we utilize a barrel shaped depression, etched in a hardened steel vacuum chamber and full in 9.2 GHz. This activity mode permits us to structure a significantly more minimal framework than a customary cold particles clock, where the different collaborations are in various pieces of the instrument. In this way, the conservativeness of the clock is accomplished through an arrangement absolutely fleeting. The most pertinent advances can be found in Figure 1. The worldly grouping of the conservative recurrence standard can be isolated in four very much characterized advances (see figure 1), as follows: (Step 1)Trapping particles in a magneto optical snare (MOT) In this stage is conceivable to catch 108 particles utilizing attractive field and three counter-proliferating sets of laser pillars (MOT) [6]. This is critical to make up for lost time the iotas together in the equivalent spatial district, shaping a virus cloud, and to expel a colossal part of the cloud’s active vitality. In this progression the nuclear cloud accomplishes low temperatures and turns out to be increasingly steady. The cycling progress is utilized, and repumping is finished utilizing the change. (Step 2)Sub-Doppler Cooling and the Preparation After the principal decrease of the active vitality, the framework goes from MOT arrangement to optical molasses by turning off the present gracefully of the attractive field. At the same time, the nuclear cloud is cooled much progressively, changing the force and detuning of the laser bars with acousto-optical modulators, arriving at levels underneath 10 ÃŽ ¼K. So as to set up the iotas in their ground electronic state , the repumping light is turned off 5 ms before closing off the cooling light. During this interim, optical siphoning effectively moves the molecules to the necessary ground state. (Stage 3) The clock progress cross examination Presently, the chilly iotas are in a solitary beginning state and after the absolute shutdown of the lasers pillars, the cloud begins a free development. During the extension the particles are grilled in a Ramsey succession [7], comprising of two intelligent microwave beats with 1ms of span and isolated by 8ms. These heartbeats energize the clock change between the two hyperfine levels . (Stage 4) The Detection To distinguish the iotas that have progressed to the level after the two microwave beats, the light pillars initially utilized as a cooling laser are walked out on for 40 ms, and the fluorescence signal is gathered. When the reverberation is watched, it tends to be utilized as a recurrence discriminator. The progress likelihood distinction of two progressive estimation goes about as a mistake signal used to control the neighborhood oscillator recurrence. Results Figure 2 presents a common output of the microwave recurrence over the check reverberation in our gadget [5]. Utilizing the Ramsey edge of Figure 2, we can filter around the focal periphery to decide the linewidth with a hypothetical fitting (Figure 3), getting an estimation of 47 Hz. The complexity is superior to 80% (where the differentiation is characterized as a distinction between reverberation sufficiency and foundation). To gauge the recurrence soundness of the framework is important to bolt the focal reverberation saw on figure 3 to the microwave chain (plainly visible oscillator). The microwave chain then again is stage bolted to the 5 MHz yield of the Hydrogen Maser. The adjustment of the recurrence is constrained by a PC, which additionally register the acquainted amendment with keep the cross examination signal at its greatest. The solidness watched is , as introduced in Figure 4, showing that this reduced cold iota recurrence standard can arrive at exhibitions better than business shaft tickers, which regularly have brief timeframe dependable qualities on the scope of 10-11 10-12. The benefit of cold iotas in such reduced framework can be handily watched whenever contrasted and business warm Cs pillar timekeepers. The drawn out solidness as of now outperforms the as of now utilized business guidelines and the clock change linewidth is on the request for 50 Hz for our framework, in the mean time a similar goals can be accomplished distinctly with a warm framework that has a few meters in the cross examination district (26 Hz for a 4 m long cross examination area [8]). [GMD1] Reducing the framework volume We really imagine a progressively smaller framework, mounting the contraption in a solitary square. This ought to be finished keeping all the vital procedures to deliver a recurrence standard sign. 4.1. The naturally visible oscillator A central bit of the nuclear norm, it compares to the sign that produces the time reference. The criticism from the molecules cross examined with its sign shuts the circle for the nuclear recurrence reference. It ought to be as little as could be expected under the circumstances, yet at the same time considering a few parameters as temperature deviations [9, 10]. To accomplish dependable execution, we will utilize PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control and peltier components as actuators. 4.2. Lasers Diode The utilization of laser diodes is principal in the framework. They should keep a low powerful linewidth, so as to not corrupt the SNR of the clock progress. In the restriction of high goals spectroscopy, the laser clamor can add a critical bundle to the general financial plan of commotion commitments. 4.3. General Control of the System Cautious control of the considerable number of steps of the perfect timing (trap, sub-doppler cooling, cross examination and identification) is obligatory. In each cycle the microwave source is adjusted, and the means comprise of very much synchronized occasions, for example, laser light recurrence shifts, beating of the microwave signal, activated sign recognition and preparing of the nuclear fluorescence [11]. Ends We have built up a reduced framework to be utilized as a portable reference for recurrence signals. We figured out how to cool 108 particles at 10 ÃŽ ¼K in a microwave depression and after the Ramsey cross examination the recognition by fluorescence is applied. The center thought is the utilization of cold particles as a superior and dependable clock source. We have been working in the decrease of volume to make an embeddable model, so as to keep up the top notch qualities essential for the activity of such gadget. References Jespersen J and Fitz-Randolph J 1999 From sundials to nuclear tickers (Mineola: Dover Publications) Ramsey N F 2002 Application of nuclear checks in: Laser material science at the cutoff points, ed Figger H. et al (Berlin: Springer) p 3 Ahmed M, Magalhã £es D V, Bebeachibuli A, Mã ¼ller S T, Alves R F, Ortega T A, Weiner J and Bagnato V S 2008 The brazilian time and recurrence nuclear guidelines program An Acad Bras Cienc 80, 2 Magalhã £es D V 2004 Constru㠧ã £o de uma wellspring atã'mica para utiliza㠧ã £o como padrã £o primã ¡rio de beat Doctorade postulation Mã ¼ller S T, Magalhã £es D V, Alves R F and Bagnato V S 2011 Compact Frequency Standard dependent on an Intracavity Sample of Cold Cesium AtomsJ. Select. Soc. Am. B 28 11 p 2592 Metcalf H and Van Der Straten P 2003 Laser cooling and catching of molecules J.Opt. Soc. Am. B 20 p 887 Vanier J, Audoin C 1989 The quantum material science of nuclear recurrence guidelines v2 (Adam Hilger) Coating D J, Hellwig H, Allan D W and S. Jarvis 1977 NBS-4 and NBS-6: The NBS essential recurrence

Friday, August 21, 2020

Arguing a Position Essay Topics For Your Essay

Arguing a Position Essay Topics For Your EssayArguing a position essay topics is something that all students must do in high school and college. This is a huge responsibility that will be tested in many ways and situations in the years to come.By this point, students will have spent a lot of time learning about history, geography, etc. and preparing for test taking at their local high school. There will also be instances when they are required to take an oral argument test that involves an argument.These arguments will sometimes be very challenging and require a large amount of effort. While most of the student's time is spent preparing for the individual test, they will still be required to do some arguing. It is a good idea to research different topics for essays and figure out what will work well for you.Many students will find that they have the ability to win arguments when they are forced to argue a large amount of material. The key is to be able to express your point without l osing your train of thought. Another important consideration is to make sure that you do not fall into the trap of writing overly long paragraphs. This can look unnatural and put off your audience.The better writers will be able to manage a large amount of material on a regular basis. They will learn that it is hard to write lengthy essays when the subject matter is complicated and filled with facts. However, good essay topics can be managed effectively by starting with the topic and developing it over the course of many more steps.If the topic is not going to be controversial enough, they will simply skip the writing time and move onto something else. They will be able to learn from their mistakes later on when they can evaluate the point they were trying to make with the help of an online essay software. The most effective way to learn how to write a winning argument is to study from others who have succeeded in this area.Most teachers will want to see evidence of your writing ski lls before giving you assignments. The best way to improve this is to look for advanced writing courses. It is important to be prepared before you sign up for anything because this will ensure that you are not wasting time on low quality lessons.Arguing a position essay topics requires a great deal of patience and confidence. You can be confident that you will be able to make the right points when you understand what makes the right points. With the proper guidance and the right training, you will be able to pass all of your arguments.

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

President Lyndon B. Johnson - 1370 Words

The one president that is phenomenal is Lyndon Baines Johnson. Lyndon has changed society from 1963 to 1969, with his Great Society Programs, Civils Rights Act, and many more that has impacted society since he came to office. Johnson was born in August 1908 Stonewall, Texas and died in Stonewall, Texas in January 1973, he was the 36th president, married to Lady Bird Johnson. LBJ succeeded by Richard Nixon. He was Vice President under JFK, John F. Kennedy, from 1961 to 1963 then became president in 1963 after the assassination of JFK. President Lyndon B. Johnson was much loved and greatly hated, his personality was kind and he was passionate, considerate, decent and devoted to advancing the well-being of the least advantage. But some describe him as cruel, dictatorial, grandiose, and vicious. As a child, he manifested character traits that shaped as behavior throughout his life, he suffered a sense of emptiness; couldn t stand being alone, needed constant companionship, attention, app roval, affection. Furthermore, he had insatiable appetites too, meaning he was rarely satisfied, it had to meet his standards for him to like what he has done or what the people had done. For example; for work, women, food, drink, conversations, material possession. Simple as a conversation can be insatiable, even a drink. All of the services have to fill him up. The insatiable appetites given him a sense of self-worth, giving him a sort validity. His neediness translated into a number of traitsShow MoreRelatedPresident Lyndon B. Johnson1227 Words   |  5 Pagesof becoming the President of the United States, but few realize the difficulties that a country’s leader must face: tough decisions, public scrutiny, and more. Because of this, the role of president can be considered one of the most difficult jobs in America. It is no wonder why individuals who attain the prestigious position will sometimes decide not to run for reelection. For President Lyndon B. Johnson, it was cir cumstance that led to his decision to refrain from being president for another fourRead MorePresident Lyndon B. Johnson Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pagespresent the ongoing conflict to the people. President Lyndon B. Johnson was able to successfully sway the majority of Americans into supporting his decision to send armed forces to fight in Vietnam in his speech addressing the concerns over Vietnam. However, there were some Americans who opposed the war including Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who also wrote a speech about Vietnam titled â€Å"Beyond Vietnam† and offered his arguments against the war. Johnson managed to persuade the public to his favor withRead MorePresident Lyndon B. Johnson Essay1753 Words   |  8 Pagesto rest. President Lyndon B. Johnson made a dire mistake in approving General Westmoreland’s request on to put combat troops on the ground in Vietnam, as the threat to American security had not been triggered to the point where it was worth the lives o f American soldiers. The American military was severely underprepared for war, and the eventual withdrawal of troops would become a global embarrassment that continues to haunt the United States decades later. Further, President Johnson sought toRead MorePresident Truman And Lyndon B. Johnson1605 Words   |  7 Pagesnot, the first 100 days of a president continue to be much examined topic. President Franklin D. Roosevelt had an unprecedented first 100 days and every president since then has been measured against the effectiveness of FDR. For the purpose of this analytical essay Presidents Harry Truman and Lyndon B. Johnson will be examined in comparison with FDR. Truman and Johnson were not initially elected as president, but stepped in the finish the term of the elected presidents who had died in office, FDRRead MorePresident Lyndon B. Johnson s Speech1786 Words   |  8 PagesAmber Martin Engwr 300/Tu-Thu Burchett/Rhetorical Analysis Word count: 1701/1786 â€Å"We Shall Overcome† President Lyndon B. Johnson conveyed to congress, I think, the most exhilarating and legendary dialogues in the history of America on March 15, 1965. The speech occurred after the passing of an African American demonstrator in Selma, Alabama (History Matters). Demonstrators were protesting for African Americans to have the right to vote. According to Professor Pauley, teacher of oratory at CalvinRead MoreLyndon B. Johnson And The President Of The United States Essay1319 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, rulers, presidents, and dictators have come and gone. Some made great advancements and others faded into the background. Without power, a leader is nothing. To be successful, power must be acquired, but to truly influence and have control a leader must know how to use their power. Being able to have the right balance is rare. The 36th President of the United States, Lyndon B. Johnson, was able to master this skill through his tactics leading up to his election and the days fol lowingRead MoreThe Political Journeys Of The President Of Lyndon B. Johnson1028 Words   |  5 Pagesjourneys of the 36th president of United States, Lyndon B. Johnson and that of Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy was different but to some extent similar. While the two had different ideologies, they were focused towards making America a better place for the local population. However, their differences were very vivid even in public sphere. They differed on the best strategies and ideologies to implement in order to spearhead the growth and development of the American economy. Johnson was born in UnitedRead MorePresident Lyndon B. Johnson s Speech957 Words   |  4 PagesPresident Lyndon B. Johnson delivered on the most famous and fascinating speeches in American history on March 15 1965. The speech was inspired over the situation that occurred in Selma, Alabama one week earlier. African Americans were protesting over voting rights, as due to manipulation of the voting system by w hites. The purpose of President Johnson’s speech was to convince Congress and Americans to pass his bill on voting reformation. President Lyndon B. Johnson’s speech is rhetorically effectiveRead MorePresident Lyndon B Johnson s Speech1556 Words   |  7 Pages President Lyndon B Johnson gave his State of the Union speech on January 8, 1964; Johnson’s speech followed many of the basic principles put forth by our founding fathers in the Declaration of Independence and in the United Sates Constitution. The United States of America was founded upon the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution these documents were drawn up by our founding fathers. The two documents have different purposes, the Declaration of Independence was used to declare independenceRead MoreLyndon B. Johnson And The President Of The United States1927 Words   |  8 PagesLyndon B. Johnson swore in as the 36th president of the United States of America in 1965. He was the president with a new vision to build a â€Å"Great Society† for the American people. Johnson believed that freedom involved â€Å"the right to vote, to hold a job, to enter a public place, to go to school.† His visions were motivated, passionate, and included a tough fight on the war against poverty. One of Johnson’s new policies in his vision to â€Å"lift the poor into the social and economic mainstream. It

Friday, May 15, 2020

Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1179 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Pearl Harbor Essay Did you like this example? Its early morning, almost eight oclock, when the residents of Pearl Harbor wake up. Walking outside, they hear an odd noise and look up to see Japanese planes dropping giant bombs out of the sky onto their home. The Japanese executed the attack in the midst of World War II. There were thousands of casualties, hundreds of ships destroyed, and the United States entered the war as a result. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, which catapulted the United States into World War II, and effected America forever. WHY DID THE JAPANESE TARGET PEARL HARBOR? The Japanese military chose Pearl Harbor as their target because the United States were trying to stop their expansion plan. Japan hoped that after the bombing, the Americans would accept defeat and let them continue to take over the Pacific Rim. The capitals of both countries consulted for months, with the US trying to bring Japans expansions to a full stop. These efforts resulted in Japan becoming angrier at America and swayed Japan to refuse stopping its development (Pruitt). Tensions between America and Japan had been growing for months before the bombing of Pearl Harbor. The United States attempted to suspend their extension time and time again, which just resulted in Japans rage growing rapidly each time. War was unavoidable for Japan and the United States, and surprising the US navy immediately in order to weaken its power was crucial to Japans plan. The Japanese wished to take over the Philippines and Malaysia during Americas recovery time over the fleet of ships Japan was pl anning on exterminating. Malaysia and the Philippines were also attacked at the same time as Pearl Harbor (Why Did Japan Attack Pearl Harbor?). Because the impending war between the United States and Japan was so apparent to both sides, Japan knew that the only way they could have the upper hand would be by using the element of surprise. Japan had thought that the United States would give up trying to suspend their expansion plans. The Japanese figured that after Pearl Harbor, their empire would span across the Pacific Rim (Why Did Japan Attack Pearl Harbor?). After the bombing, Japan expected America to take long enough recovering and gathering itself that they could easily take over their other targets. Pearl Harbor was a powerful naval base that the Japanese saw as a threat, so they decided to do their best to eliminate it. The bombing had many results, but American defeat was not one of them. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor" essay for you Create order HOW PEARL HARBOR AFFECTED AMERICA Pearl Harbor forced everyone in the United States into a wartime mindset, and Americans everywhere became way more involved with the war. After only a few hours, Americans were making fast moves to prepare themselves for war. Everyone became much more involved with the war effort, with people constantly asking themselves what they could do to help (Morella). Americans everywhere worked as fast as they could to contribute to healing their wounded country. Everyone wanted to become a part of the solution, as well as being prepared as much as they could. The United States initially did not want to be forced into war, and only agreed at first to go to fight Japan. Only after Germany and Italy declared war on America did we finally join the European front (LoProto). If they could, the United States wanted to avoid entering a full-blown world war. The initial plan was to go to war with Japan alone, but the other Axis countries both announced declarations of war against America. Only after that did the country decide to fight alongside the Allies against all opposing countries on the European front. The United States used Pearl Harbor to dignify the fact that they forced citizens of Japanese-American and Japanese ethnicities to be imprisoned in internment camps throughout the war (Results of the Attack on Pearl Harbor). Not every outcome from Pearl Harbor resulted in Americans banding together. Thousands upon thousands of citizens of Japanese descent were forced into internment camps for the duration of the war, with the United States claiming they did not know which of the Japanese citizens they could trust. Pearl Harbor changed many aspects of America in 1941, but the people most affected by the bombing were the citizens of Pearl Harbor itself. HAWAII DURING AND AFTER PEARL HARBOR Hawaii endured a devastating event, and came through to the the other side with some drastic changes to their way of life. On December 7, 1941, Hawaii was not yet a state. Instead, it was a US territory. Following the attack, officials in Hawaii declared martial law. This enforced a curfew on the island and temporarily took away a few civil liberties to keep the residents of the island safe (How Did Life Change in Hawaii and Pearl Harbor after the attack?). Pearl Harbor had a massive impact on America itself, and one of the craziest aspects of the situation is that Hawaii wasnt even a US state at that point in time. Very soon after the bombing, certain procedures were put into action by higher-ups so that the citizens of Hawaii could be safe and secure. Almost everything within the Hawaiian Islands came to an abrupt halt after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, including the industries of Oahu, normal life for the population, and especially tourism (The Impact Of World War II On Hawaii). H awaiis economy was affected because they not only had to repair damages the bombs cost, but industries there stopped altogether and tourism came to an immediate end. Over 2,000 American sailors and soldiers were killed, and an additional 1,000 were hurt. Almost 200 naval vessels and around 200 airplanes were completely eradicated by the unexpected bombing (Pearl Harbor Changed Pearl Harbor Irrevocably). There were thousands of casualties as a result of this tragedy, and thousands of dollars worth of damage made to the naval ships and other buildings and places damaged in the bombing. Hawaii was changed forever after the attack, and the history of the United States was set on another path altogether. CONCLUSION When Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, the United States were propelled into the war and the country was never quite the same again. Japan was angered by the Americans halting their expansions on the Pacific Rim. They used the element of surprise to attack the naval base in Pearl Harbor in hopes the United States would give up. The attack resulted in Americans having a mindset that was all about the war effort and how they could contribute. The United States didnt initially want to enter World War II, but once other countries declared war against America, we officially joined the war. Hawaii was put under extra security after the attack to make sure nothing like it happened ever again. Though the people of Hawaii were glad to be safe, the martial law put into action negatively affected their economy greatly by stopping tourism and industries on the island of Oahu altogether. Thousands were injured or killed during Pearl Harbor, and that monumental turn of events in American history is som ething we will never forget.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Serial Killer John Wayne Gacy - 1846 Words

One of America notious serial killer is John Wayne Gacy also known as the clown man . John Wayne was born on March 17, 1942 in , Chicago ,illnois. he is son ofMarion Elaine Robinson and John Stanley Gacy. John is the only boy and he is the second oldest out three kids. He is of polish and Danish heritage Gacy and his siblings grew up with a drunken father who would beat the children with a razor strap if they would misbehave. He came from a middle class family . at the age of 11 john suffered from a a head blow caused him to have intermittent blackouts until he was 16. As child john was overweight and unathletic . At school he suffered from isolation, unable to play sports due to hart conditions. Gacy later realized he was attracted to men After attend four high schools , jonh drop out of high dchool right before his senior year.He graduated from Northwestern Business College and start to as shoe salesmen. In September 1964, Gacy met and married co-worker Marlynn Myers. Whose family owned a KFC in Waterloo, Iowa and began to work there as Manager. Marlynn gave birth to two children, a son named Michael was born in March 1967, followed by a daughter named Christine in September 1968.HE became active in local Springfield organizations, joining the Jaycees and rising to vice-president of the Springfield chapter by 1965. Well-liked in his community and a clown performer at children s parties, Gacy also organized cultural gatherings Gacy opened a â€Å"club†Show MoreRelatedSerial Killers, Ted Bundy And John Wayne Gacy1588 Words   |  7 PagesKEISER UNIVERSITY Killer Stories H.H. Holmes, â€Å"Ted† Bundy John Wayne Gacy Faraz Garcia 10/16/2017 â€Æ' Abstract When you tell children scary stories they shouldn’t be able to come true but unfortunately for the people victimized by the vicious killers in this paper those horror stories did come true. Traveling and staying in a â€Å"Hotel† owned by a wealthy â€Å"doctor† got them tortured, experimented on and ultimately killed, helping a seemingly helpless man put things in his vehicle lead themRead MoreEssay about John Wayne Gacy: Serial Killer610 Words   |  3 PagesJohn Wayne Gacy in his early years was shown to have a minor biological impairment. At the age of 11, Gacy was playing near a swing set and was hit in the head causing an accidental blood clot in the brain. The blood clot was not discovered until he was 16 years old and he suffered from blackouts from the clot from the ages of 11 until it was discovered. There was a brain blockage that medications were able to dissolve. Gacy also had a series of health problems that kept him hospitalized for a significant Read MoreInfamous serial killer, John Wayne Gacy, was born on March 17, 1942, in Chicago, Illinois. Gacy,500 Words   |  2 Pages Infamous serial killer, John Wayne Gacy, was born on March 17, 1942, in Chicago, Illinois. Gacy, born into an abusive environment, was assaulted physically along with his siblings, with a razor strap if they were perceived to have misbehaved by their alcoholic father. In addition, Gacy’s mother was physically abused as well throughout her marriage and during the children’s upbringing. During John Wayne Gacy’s childhood education, he suffered further alienation due to a congenital heart conditionRead MoreTheories Of John Wayne Gacy1313 Words   |  6 Pagesdeviant ways. Serial killers such as John Wayne Gacy fall into some of the theories of deviance. The theories John Wayne Gacy falls into are the control theory and the antisocial personality disorder theory. John Wayne Gacy was born on March 17, 1942. He grew up in a Roman Catholic family. When Gacy was young he had an abusive father. His father would psychologically and physically abuse him. Gacy dropped out of highschool but later on went to college and graduated from business college. Gacy was alsoRead MoreIdentifiable Criminal Behavior : Modus Operandi And Signature964 Words   |  4 Pagesinvestigator. Serial offenders often prefect their Modus Operandi they evolve from their mistake the further they go along, in other words they grow in their craft (as horrible as that is) when they get away with the crimes being committed. â€Å"Every criminal makes mistakes, but most learn from them and try to get better with time† (Douglas E. J., Douglas K. L, n.d). Serial killers are killers are murders who have killed more than one time they usually killing for psychological gratification. â€Å"Serial killingRead MoreSerial Killers And Murderers : How Can You Tell A Normal Person?844 Words   |  4 Pages2016 Serial Killers and Murderers How can you tell a normal person from a person who is chemically imbalanced? When you are walking in a crowd, do you ever wonder what is going on through these people’s minds? Who are they? Have they ever killed anyone? This is what we are going to talk about, the mind of a murderer. There are many types of murderers. There are mass murderers, spree killers, and serial killers. A mass murderer kills multiple people at one time in one place. A spree killer killsRead MoreSerial Killers: Are They Born Or Made?. There Are Multiple1230 Words   |  5 PagesSerial Killers: Are They Born or Made? There are multiple theories as to why or how a person can become a serial killer. A serial killer can be a person who murders at least three or more people over a long period of time (Ramsland). Are serial killers born with the need to kill or is it a result of a horrific childhood? These two concepts are associated with the nature vs. nurture theory. â€Å"People on the side of nurture are of the opinion that our environment determines who a person is and becomes†Read MoreEssay On The Killer Gangster1676 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Criminal Case Facts John Wayne Gacy, also known as â€Å"the Killer Clown,† was 36 years old and living in Des Plaines, Illinois when he was apprehended by police in 1978. By then, Gacy had murdered 33 young men and boys. He was originally arrested on a drug charge, when further investigation of his home, due to the connection that he had to several missing young men, revealed to investigators the horrible contents of the crawlspace underneath his home (Crime Stories, 1999). He was thenRead MoreSerial Killers And The Serial Killer1080 Words   |  5 Pageshelp? This was the technique one of the most infamous serial killer Ted Bundy used to approach his victims and ultimately murder them. B. Background and Audience Relevance: Today, I will be speaking to you about serial killers. C. Speaker Credibility: I decided to do my topic on serial killers because, criminology is something I’m genuinely interested in and would like to learn more about it myself. D. Thesis: By learning about serial killers, hopefully in the future they can be captured fasterRead MoreSerial Killers Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesSerial Killers Behavior is sometimes defined as the response of an individual, group, or species to its environment. Parents, girlfriends, sisters, brothers, and peers can all affect a persons behavior. Not everybody necessarily will have the behavior of a serial killer. In this paper, I will attempt to show the difference between the psychopath and the psychotic. Explain how the environment, upbringing, and treatment of serial killers led them to become who they are today. Most serial

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Management Component Corporate Profitably â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Management Component Corporate Profitably? Answer: Introducation The primary setting up or establishment of a company depends on various factors but the ultimate binding factor is management. Even when the building for the organization is built, management at different levels of hierarchy is carried out in order to complete the task in a better way rather the best way. Therefore whatever may be the task, management at each and every level is a mandatory process. Similarly in case of an organization, the most fundamental procedure is planning. Planning by the managers regarding marketing strategies to be used, improvement programs to be implemented, scheduling the required employee trainings and other components require management. Therefore a major function of management is planning. But before implementing planning in management, it is very important for the managers to know as to what exactly the subject matter for planning. The subject matter for planning can only be known when it is clear as to what crisis or matter that requires planning will arise in the future. Management of corporate finance also requires proper planning (Agrawal and Matsa 2013). Corporate finance generally refers to all the financial functions that are implemented and practiced within a company. The professionals that are in charge of corporate financing inside an organization work with the objective of maximizing the profit earned and reducing the risk involved in an unexpected loss. Corporate financing also helps in understanding as to what is the best possible method to increase the revenue and also produce returns to the investors or shareholders (Mathuva 2015). Corporate decision making is related to capital budgeting in a way that it helps in decision making about investments. Capital budgeting is an important tool in relation to corporate finance management. Capital budgeting generates huge scope for financial managers to check and assess the various projects on the basis of the percentage of chances to be taken up for investments (Burns and Walker 2015). It also assists in bringing out the risk involved in different types of projects. It also becomes useful in keeping a check on the rate of investments. Finally the prospect of the business depends wholesomely on the optimum utilization of resources. There are a various capital budgeting techniques like net present value and internal rate of return, pay-back period method and accounting rate of return method (Hise and Strawser 2013). The pay-back period method refers to the time period under which the proposition will lead to generation of cash in order to make up for the initial investment made. It truly focuses on the inflow of cash, the projects economic life and the amount of investment made without the time value of money being considered (Bierman and Smidt 2012). The accounting rate of return method is based on the criteria that any proposition that has an accounting rate of return more than the assumed minimum rate prefixed by the management will be taken into account and the propositions below the accounting rate of return are refused. The net present value method is one of the widely used methods of capital budgeting. Under this method the inflow of cash that comes in at different points of time or that is expected at a certain point of time is given a discount at a particular rate. The time value of money is taken into consideration in this method. The internal rate of return method of capital budgeting technique can be defined as the rate, when the net present value of the investment is zero. Here in this method the discounted value of cash inflow is equal to the discounted value of cash outflow. This method also takes into account the time value of money (Hasan 2013). As asked in the question the sensitivity analysis concept in relation to capital budgeting technique is an analysis that measures the sensitivity of the variable that is dependent in relation to the change in an independent variable. In certain situations the historical data available may be used but if the historical data is not available then research has to be conducted. Essentially the sensitivity analysis refers to the entire result or outcome that changes due to change in a single variable. For instance a manufacturing company might as well find out that a change in a particular raw material may lead to a huge change in the cost of manufacturing. Sensitivity analysis actually projects the viability of the projects. Sensitivity analysis provides a view that more the fluctuations in the initial parameters of a certain proposition the less risk is involved in the project. Sensitivity analysis is generally required to identify the risky parameters, assess their numerical values and measure the consequences of assuming such risks. Experts are of the view that sensitivity analysis is used by managers to monitor and measure the changes in net present value due to a change in the variables used for calculating it. Application of sensitivity analysis may be used to assess situations as to when the net present value reflects a positive value and when it reflects a value that is negative. While conducting sensitivity analysis three areas should be kept in mind, that are, aggregate costs and benefits, critical cost and benefit item and the effect of delays during construction phase. The advantages of using sensitivity analysis are that a certain change in a single variable is very effective in measuring the economic worth of a project; scrutinizing the risk involved in a single project and thirdly the sensitivity analysis is universal in nature (Pianosi, Sarrazin and Wagener 2015). Scenario analysis refers to the analysis that is done when more than one assumption is attempted to change. Essentially scenario analysis is an extended version of sensitivity analysis. Sensitivity analysis may be extended in order to include changed number of variables at the same time. This is known as scenario analysis. However, the assumptions that can be changed and the extent up to which it can be changed is totally dependent on the particulars of the problem. The final and best approach is to observe what will happen at the extremes. The best scenario possible occurs when the outcome is much better than what was expected and in case of the worst scenario possible the outcomes become worse than expected. In order to assess a particular scenario the best or worst case or scenario is taken as the scale for comparison. In clearer terms the best or worst possible scenario that is recorded is used for determining the scenario of a particular case. Scenario analysis is useful for fir ms that make investments on a large scale because they assume high risk, therefore before investing comparisons must be done using the scenario analysis (Gyamfi and Krumdieck 2012). Until now no assessment has been done regarding the probabilities of various outcomes. Most of the times it is not possible to provide proper probabilities and it is only possible to predict that something might happen, or the probability of unexpected happenings might be assessed. However, if the proper knowledge is not available about the probabilities the advantage of the technology of computers can be utilized in order to improve upon the scenario analysis. If it is possible to know what the probabilities in case of each and every outcome are, and also the knowledge that how they are interlinked is available, it would be possible to arrive at a point where distribution of NPVs is done with the help of the process is known as simulation. This will definitely provide the probability of each possible NPV. This technique if implemented properly a discount rate can be used in regards to the uncertainty amount about the NPV. The risk involved in a project can be adjusted with the help of the simulation technique. There are essentially two ways to adjust the returns to a project in order to make it face a higher hurdle is increasing the rate of discount and reducing the payment that is more or less expected. It is very much possible to think about the rate of discount as containing a basic rate that is risk-free and an added premium that is dependent on the amount of risk involved that is higher the risk, higher is the premium. As the percentage of uncertainty is more, it will definitely lead to reduction in the Net Present Value of projects that involve a great deal of risk as the rate at which the future payments are discounted is high. Similarly, it is of the implications that projects should obviously have a higher Internal Rate of Return to exceed the hurdle rate (Regan et al., 2015). Break-even analysis is used for the for determining the exact location at which the total profit received is equal to the cost that is incurred with receiving the profit or revenue. The calculation of margin of safety is done with the help of the break-even analysis. The break-even point is the point within which the revenues may fall while they still remain above the break-even point. Break-even analysis is also referred to as analysis that is supply-side in nature. The effect of various price levels on demand is also not analyzed or taken into account. Break-even analysis involves three kinds of costs that are fixed costs, variable costs and semi-variable costs. A fixed cost is the cost that remains unaffected by change in the amount of goods and services produced. Variable costs are variable in nature that is the cost depends upon the output produced. Semi-variable cost is a mixture of fixed costs and variable costs. One of the disadvantages of break even analysis is that it leads to poor accounting decisions and this can be avoided by using NPV break-even analysis. Break-even analysis is a much handy tool that is used to scrutinize the inter-relationship between variable costs, fixed costs and returns. A break-even point generally can be used to predict or research the exact point when a particular investment shall result in a positive return and can also be chalked out graphically or by the help of using simple mathematics. Break-even analysis is advantageous from the point that it calculates the total amount of production at an already provided amount that is needful to cover all the costs (Ghahremani, Aghaie and Abedzadeh 2012) References Agrawal, A.K. and Matsa, D.A., 2013. Labor unemployment risk and corporate financing decisions. Journal of Financial Economics, 108(2), pp.449-470. Bierman Jr, H. and Smidt, S., 2012. The capital budgeting decision: economic analysis of investment projects. Routledge. Burns, R. and Walker, J., 2015. Capital budgeting surveys: the future is now. Ghahremani, M., Aghaie, A. and Abedzadeh, M., 2012. Capital budgeting technique selection through four decades: with a great focus on real option. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(17), p.98. Gyamfi, S. and Krumdieck, S., 2012. Scenario analysis of residential demand response at network peak periods. Electric Power Systems Research, 93, pp.32-38. Hasan, M., 2013. Capital budgeting techniques used by small manufacturing companies. Journal of Service Science and Management, 6(01), p.38. Hise, R.T. and Strawser, R.H., 2013. Application of Capital Budgeting Techniques to Marketing Operations. Readings in Managerial Economics: Pergamon International Library of Science, Technology, Engineering and Social Studies, p.419. Mathuva, D., 2015. The Influence of working capital management components on corporate profitability. Pianosi, F., Sarrazin, F. and Wagener, T., 2015. A Matlab toolbox for global sensitivity analysis. Environmental Modelling Software, 70, pp.80-85. Regan, C.M., Bryan, B.A., Connor, J.D., Meyer, W.S., Ostendorf, B., Zhu, Z. and Bao, C., 2015. Real options analysis for land use management: Methods, application, and implications for policy. Journal of environmental management, 161, pp.144-152.

Monday, April 13, 2020

Discipline Essays - Pedagogy, Educational Psychology, Human Behavior

Discipline Discipline is more than keeping a group of children or young people quiet while being talked to. Preserving good behavior is certainly one aspect to discipline, for learning it in an atmosphere of confusion is difficult. Children have to learn to conform to the rules of behavior needed in a classroom. Teachers have the right to ask for a quiet class, keep the students in their seats, and have the right to discipline them if they do not cooperate. When a teacher expresses his or her thoughts, feelings, and beliefs in direct, honest, and appropriate ways that do not violate the right of others, and when the message does not humiliate, degrade, or dominate the one being talked to, he or she is using Assertive Discipline. In order for a teacher to maintain control of his or her class they must use Assertive Discipline. In order for a teacher to have his or her needs met, they can influence the behavior of the children. Without influence a teacher is "powerless" and will become "burned out." (Canter, 2) There is no simple answer to why this happens. A number of complex factors have combined to create an environment in which teachers are having trouble in getting personal and professional needs met. Until the past decade, the teacher was looked at as the main person in the classroom by students and parents. The teacher, simply because of their role status, had respect and authority. Thus, the teacher was a "powerful" figure in the eyes of the students and could easily influence the student's behavior, often with just a look, smile, or a threat.(Canter,3) All of that is now changed. Today, a teacher has to earn the respect of both the students and their parents. A teacher's basic techniques of influence, or discipline, is no longer as effective as getting the desired results. The discipline approaches of the 1950's and 1960's do not work with the students of the 1990's. In addition, the teacher cannot rely on the strong support of the parents anymore. Many parents are openly questioning, the education that their children are receiving, and do not feel they want to support the needs of their child's teachers. Teachers cannot get their needs met in a classroom unless they have an effective method of discipline in which they thoroughly understand and comfortable utilize. An assertive teacher is: "One who clearly and firmly communicates his or her wants and needs to his or her students, and is prepared to reinforce their words with appropriate actions." (Canter,9) When a teacher is assertive, and clearly and firmly communicates their wants and feelings to a child, they send a clear message. This message simply states: "I mean what I say and say what I mean."(Collins, 155) Lee Canter, a child guidance specialist, has found that while most teachers make lesson plans as a routine matter, very few make discipline plans. Planning is essential to teaching well. Lesson planning is second nature to teachers. Lesson plans are part of a professional routine, and are done almost automatically when the need arises. However, planning for discipline is an entirely different story. The vast majority of teachers have learned or have been exposed to the steps involved in planning discipline programs, especially those to be used specifically with disruptive students. Because of teachers' frustrations, all we often hear is their complaining about how difficult the students really are. Such complaining may help to relieve the strain of dealing with difficult students, but it in no way helps to solve the problem. Planning your discipline efforts, and utilizing assertive principles, are as essential to teaching as a lesson plan. (Charles,128) Discipline planning will structure and guide classroom management efforts the same as lesson planning for academic efforts. Discipline plans are important and helpful to all teachers. Charles, urges to make discipline plans according to the following steps: 1) Identify any existing or potential discipline problems. 2) Specify the behaviors you want the students to eliminate or engage in. 3) Decide on negative and positive consequences appropriate to the student and situation. 4) Decide how to execute the negative and positive consequences.(Charles, 129) Discipline planning is the systematic applications of the assertive principles the teacher exhibits. It involves focusing your attention on any existing or potential discipline problems you may have. These discipline problems may involve an individual student, or a group of students, or an entire class. Having good discipline enables the teacher

Wednesday, March 11, 2020

The Warn Act of 1989

The Warn Act of 1989 Free Online Research Papers The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, or WARN Act, was enacted on August 4, 1988 and was made effective on February 4, 1989 (www.doleta.gov). The WARN Act is a requirement put in place that mandates companies to provide sixty days written notice to employees affected by either plant closings or mass layoffs. This includes both salaried and hourly workers, as well as managers and supervisors. In the case of a unionized workplace, the notice must be provided to the union representative. The written notice must also be submitted to the state dislocated worker unit and the appropriate local government unit. The companies are covered under WARN if they have more than 100 employees excluding those who have worked less than six months out of the last twelve, or employees who work an average of less than twenty hours per week (www.doleta.gov). All types of companies are subject to the act with the exception of Federal, State and local government agencies that provide p ublic services. The Purpose of WARN The intent of the WARN Act passed by Congress was attempt to maintain economic stability in a given geography. As we are now extremely aware, an employed population is one that spends, thus helping maintain a healthy economy. WARN allows employees and their family sufficient time to prepare for and find jobs in the case that their current employment is ending. This could include assisting the soon to be displaced employees with locating job openings, or giving them access to new career training prior to the actual job loss. Triggers for WARN There are two main occurrences that trigger the need for WARN compliance. The first one is a facility closure or discontinuation of an operating unit. In this instance, if the aforementioned event results in the layoff of at least 50 employees, excluding part-time employees, WARN would need to be followed. The second incident that would require compliance to WARN is a mass layoff of 500 or more workers at a single site within thirty days. The same treatment is to be given in the case of lay-offs of 50-499 employees excluding part-time, if the total number affected is equal to or greater than thirty three percent of the total active workforce (www.doleta.gov). Exceptions to WARN In addition to the thresholds listed above not being met, there are some circumstances that would not activate the need for WARN. The first category covered as exceptions surround unpredictable reasons for the workforce reduction. The three such reasons are faltering company, unforeseeable business circumstances, and natural disaster. The faltering company is only applicable when the act of giving the notice to employees could jeopardize sought after new capital or business and is reserved for plant closings. The unforeseeable business circumstances exemption applies to both site closings and mass layoffs, but only comes into play when the circumstances were not reasonably predictable or anticipated. Finally, natural disaster only applies when a closing or layoff is the direct result of a natural disaster. All of these exemptions leave the burden of proof that any of these conditions have been met on the employer, and they are still expected to give written notice as soon as i s practical. The next area of exceptions involves something that can be foreseen. There are two areas that qualify as an exception. The first is when the layoffs or closure surrounds a temporary project or site where the employees have been given the clear notification upon hire that their employment will be terminated upon project completion. The second reason WARN would not be triggered in this area is if the closure is a direct result of a lockout or strike. The reasons, however, can not be used for the purpose of avoiding WARN. Federal versus State Regulations States are given the leeway to modify WARN as they see fit, but the Federal requirements are always the minimum. Two examples of the different approaches that states take can be seen by comparing New York and Connecticut. Connecticut simply mirrors the Federal guidelines (www.ctdol.state.ct.us), while New York goes a step beyond. On February 1, 2009 they extended the required notice period to ninety days while reducing the number total number of employees to fifty and the layoff threshold number to twenty-five (www.labor.state.ny.us). Each individual state’s guidelines can be found on their Department of Labor website and must be complied with in a company’s state of operation. The Impact of WARN on the Workplace WARN has a profound impact on the workplace from a company’s perspective. As companies contemplate the current trend of outsourcing work overseas or even within the United States, they must plan ahead to make sure they are not subject to litigation when deciding on their business case. Company leaders must also take into consideration the potential loss of productivity of a workforce that knows they are coming to the end of their tenure with a firm. How will this impact their customer experience when dealing with a potentially unmotivated workforce? What impact will this have on the company’s reputation once the closure and layoffs are known and on public record 60 or more days before they occur? Will this impact the customers comfort level with the company’s services or products? WARN has a different impact on the employee. It allows a certain level of comfort in knowing that if a company decides to make a substantial change in its operations, they will be provided the notice and the resources to prepare them for the next leg of their career. The act can soften the impact of such a dramatic change. It mandates a certain level of accountability for company leaders to their employees, or at least make a fair effort to forewarn the employees that they will be experiencing a major life change in the near future. It also removes the uncertainty of rumors surrounding a potential layoff or closure with an actual statement in writing that the changes are going to occur. Violations and Penalties Violations to WARN would include not being compliant to your state’s provisions if your company meets any of the criteria set forth above in the â€Å"Triggers for WARN† section. There are costly penalties for violating the WARN Acts include liability to each aggrieved employee who experiences an employment loss as a result of the mass layoff or plant closing. An employer is liable for a maximum of 60 days of back pay and benefits payable to each impacted employee. If there are a substantial number of such employees, then the dollar amount of penalties could be quite high. In addition, failure to notify the required governmental entity may result in a penalty of up to $500 per each violation day (www.doleta.gov). The Role of Human Resources with WARN All employees are affected when it comes to a major change in the operations of their firm. This is especially true when that shift involves layoffs and site closures. The government sanctions for not complying with WARN combined with the potential unrest amongst the employees, both those losing their employment as well as those who do not, clearly dictate that Human Resources needs to be highly leveraged in the decision process. Human Resources needs to be there to make sure at a minimum that the guidelines surrounding compliance to the WARN Act are met. They must be involved while the company weighs potential repercussions and impact on the business case. In essence, they need to be involved every step of the process to mitigate against any potential legal proceedings that may ensue, as this decision is likely to solicit a very emotional response from the affected employees. In this litigious society, some people unfortunately will always turn to lawsuits. Companies need to make sure that they follow the guidelines precisely to eliminate their exposure to such actions. HR will also be the likely recipient of the fallout of the displaced as well as the remaining employees. As such, they would need to fully understand the decision process so they can converse openly with the employees. The Future of WARN Currently there has been Legislation introduced to reduce the triggers of WARN from a Federal front. On May 1, 2009, the Alert Laid-Off Employees in Reasonable Time (ALERT) Act would expand from the current single site limitation to include all of the employers operations (hrpolicy.org 2009). This would mean small handfuls of employment losses at several facilities located miles away from each other could constitute continuous mass layoffs for large corporations. As of the writing of this paper, it has not been passed as it is very recent. References www.ctdol.state.ct.us. Retrieved May 2, 2009 from ctdol.state.ct.us/progsupt/bussrvce/rrwarn.htm www.doleta.gov. Retrieved May 2, 2009 from doleta.gov/programs/factsht/warn.htm www.hrpolicy.org (2009). Retrieved May 2, 2009 from hrpolicy.org/portal_story.aspx?GID=204SID=705 www.labor.state.ny.us. Retrieved May 2, 2009 from labor.state.ny.us/workforcenypartners/warn/warnportal.shtm Research Papers on The Warn Act of 1989Twilight of the UAWResearch Process Part OneUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Project Managment Office SystemMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Sunday, February 23, 2020

DO you believe the new attendance policy should be adopted Essay

DO you believe the new attendance policy should be adopted - Essay Example The proposed plan of the university of suspending students that are absent more than three times during a course is outrageous and detrimental to the student alumni. The purpose of this paper is to describe the reasons why the three absent policy should not be implemented by the university. Students are the customers of universities since they are the ones paying tuition to keep a university open. University students are spending time and money with a purpose in mind (Nytimes, 2010). If a student is not able to attend class for whatever reason the student realizes that he is hurting his chances to succeed, but the student as the client of the university has the right to be absent. The mandatory nature of this policy discriminates against the students of this university. Sometimes students face personal challenges such as a lack of transportation to reach school which inhibit their abilities to attend to every class. The proposed penalty associated with the three absent system is not fair because many students will become victims of this dictatorship policy. The university must reconsider this policy immediately because not doing so can cause major distress among the students. Psychological distress among students is an undesirable outcome that hurts the learning environment (Nauert, 2010). I am sure that the students of this university will not take this matter lightly. I expect major student revolt at this university because the proposed idea is discriminatory and it violates the rights of the students. The university should not go forward with its plan and should seek alternative solutions to find a more reasonable measure to improve overall attendance at the school. Good leaders identify the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative solution before making a decision (Cliffnotes, 2012). A potential compromise for the university to become stricter with attendance and protect the interest of the students is to create a policy that lowers the grade of

Friday, February 7, 2020

English Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

English Literature - Essay Example into the treatment of femininity/masculinity in the film, it is clear that Asaji (Lady Macbeth) in the film is with more calculations and ambitious than the real character of Lady Macbeth in the play. Here, Asaji is the driving force behind most of the actions in the play. She is more cruel and masculine than the Washizu (Macbeth), the protagonist. Besides, in the play, it is clear that Lady Macbeth is completely devoid of the loving and tender qualities which are associated with femininity and motherhood. In addition, it is unambiguous that Shakespeare attempted to represent the character of Macbeth as feminine and Lady Macbeth as masculine. Thesis statement: Analysis of femininity in Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Akira Kurosawa’s Throne of Blood, and discussion on the feminine/masculine character of Lady Macbeth. The play Macbeth begins with the total destruction of order and by the climax this order is restored. Almost all the main characters get involved in this destruction and restoration process of the order or the restoration of the kingdom of Scotland from the control of Macbeth. Here, the female characters show more power and determination than male but both these characters are forced to face more critical situations in their lives. Besides, they are forced to wear the mask of masculinity of cover their feminine qualities of tenderness and caring. Shakespeare developed his characters by interchanging the gender identity of the main characters like Macbeth and his wife Lady Macbeth. Besides, the main male character is with feminine behaviour and the main female character is with masculine behaviour. To influence the Victorian Viewers, it was important for Shakespeare to develop this cross border gender identity. For instance, the character of Lady Macbeth is with male characteristics and her husband Macbeth fails to personify/prove his masculinity in most of the scenes in the play. James L Calderwood in the work- ‘Shakespeare & the denial of death,’

Wednesday, January 29, 2020

John Proctor change during the course of the play Essay Example for Free

John Proctor change during the course of the play Essay How does John Proctor change during the course of the play? How might this change be communicated on stage? In Act one we first see John Proctor. He appears to be a very sharp and nasty man. We can see this in the way he talks to his servant, Mary Warren: Be you foolish Mary Warren? Be you deaf? I am looking for you more than I am looking for my cows!! If I were producing this play on the stage I would have Mary warren cowering away from John Proctor. This would give the audience an impression that he is quite a nasty man. But this all changes when he meets Abigail as she realises that he is still a powerful man even though he committed adultery with her: Gah, Id almost forgot how powerful you were John Proctor! In the same conversation he shows he has feelings for Abigail and that he is a deceitful person: Oh, how you sweated like a stallion whenever I come near. This language creates a sense of a passionate relationship. If I were producing this on stage I would have Abigail trying to hold John while he is looking away and checking no one is around. Even though he has committed lechery he is still protective over is wife as he tells Abigail that she will not speak anything of Elizabeth to him. He also shows that he is in denial and a liar as he denies anything ever happening between him and Abigail: Aye but we did not The language from the conversation with Abigail creates a sense of confusion with Johns personality as he does one thing and says another. Although he is a well-respected member of the community, as the audience we dont really know whether to trust him or not. He has a high expectation of Hale before he meets him and when he first meets him he is shocked by him: Why, Mr. Hale! Good evening to you, sir. Come in Come in. If I were producing this play then I would have John looking quite flabbergasted. This would show that Mr. Hale impresses him and that he respects him. He is also respectful to him: Ive heard you be a sensible man, Mr. Hale This concludes how John is respectful to his fellow villagers. He is well respected in the community and this may be why. In Act 2 we see the relationship between him and his wife, Elizabeth. The relationship in their marriage seems to be quite distant as john arrives late home. This could suggest that he stayed away longer because he wanted to avoid Elizabeth due to the fact that he has a guilty conscience: What keeps you so late its almost dark In a production of this play I would have the room very dark with just a few candles on the table. There would be food on the table but it would not look appetising, as it would have gone cold. There would be family pictures on a dresser at the side. This indicates that john is a family man, or so Elizabeth thinks. Even though there are pictures of their family presented in the kitchen, this is due to their appearance in Salem. They are well respected so if they tell people that John has been unfaithful then the village will look down on them. As readers it seems that Elizabeth knows about Johns affair as they had an argument about forgiving and forgetting but John is nasty to Elizabeth and shouts at her: Oh, Elizabeth, your justice would freeze beer! Although he is irate with her he still wants to please her as he was unfaithful to her. He does this by complimenting her cooking even though he changed it so it would taste better. Johns temper also increases when he has arguments with Elizabeth. He constantly takes his anger out on Mary Warren even though she hasnt actually done anything wrong: Ill whip you if you dare leave this house again! This language creates a sense of him being a bully. Mary Warren always seems to be the victim. Proctor shows he is bossy also when he orders Mary Warren to go to bed. This is what adults say to young children not to 18 year olds. This gives us a sense that he is treating her like a child and is disrespectful to her. Mary Warren is also more than Johns servant in the house as he tries to get her, along with himself, to overthrow the court to free Elizabeth. This also enables him to get revenge on Abigail for accusing his wife. If I were producing this play then I would have Mary trying to run away shouting that she wont do it. This would indicate that she is scared of John and doesnt feel safe near him. His anger also is shown in this Act as he rips the deputy governors warrant up. This is very disrespectful and rude to Mr. Hale, Mr. Danforth and Cheever as they are the people giving out warrants, leaving Mr. Danforth to sign them. John has destroyed legal documents that have been given out by these 3 men. John also shows that he is religious and is part of the belief of Christianity as he shouts at Mr. Hale: Pontius Pilate! God will not let you wash your hands of this! If I were producing this play on stage I would have John with lots of anger shown on his face looking like he was going to hit Mr. Hale. Mr. Hale would turn around and start to run towards Cheever. This would indicate that John is a scary man and that getting away from him is probably the best thing to do. His emotions suddenly change when Elizabeth appears. He turns into a caring man when they are taking her away: I will bring you home, I will bring you home soon This language shows that John can be caring, as he has forgotten about Mr. Hale and Cheever and is now concentrating on his wife. Proctor has faith that his wife never lies. She confessed that she doesnt believe in witches even though her religion says she should believe in them. At the end of act 2 John feels quite scared as he is trying to make Mary overthrow the court and she doesnt want to do it: My wife will never die for me! I will bring your guts into your mouth but that goodness will not die for me! John character has gone from being angry to being scared in Act 2. In Act 3 Johns attitude changes, as he becomes quite a false man. This is shown when he is in the court introducing his case to Danforth: She has signed a deposition The language indicates that he is playing a court game as he has written a legal statement. When he is presenting himself he is very polite to Mr. Danforth, this is probably in his attempt to overthrow the court. He responds to questions very politely and doesnt appear violent: John Proctor, sir, Elizabeth Proctor is my wife Even though John stays calm, Danforth constantly tries to interrogate him. This slowly increases his temper; he keeps to his words without erupting with anger, as he knows this will do him more harm than good. When John speaks Danforth is constantly interrupting him, this is frustrating for him, as he cannot finish what he is saying: I come not to hurt the court, I only- The technique that Danforth uses to interrogate John suggests by Johns reaction that it is annoying and could start an argument. If I were producing this play then I would have John dressed smartly so he looks professional and Danforth sat higher up than John so he looks more important. John would try to avoid looking Danforth in the eyes. This would indicate to the audience that John is a little fearful of Danforth, as he knows that he could sentence himself and his wife to death at any time. When Elizabeth Proctor was accused of witchcraft due to the poppet that was found and Abigails accusation this made John angry. In court John is sarcastic about this and tries to change the subject and make it funny: There might also be a dragon with five legs in my house but no one has ever seen it! This language also shows that John is biding time with the court. If I where producing this play then I would have John laughing, looking around the court but no one else would be laughing. This could indicate that he is scared and is trying to laugh it of or this could be so he can think of more negatives about Abigail and prove that she is lying. John is also indiscreet as he tells Danforth about how Abigail laughed during Prayer: she were twice this year put out of this meetin house for laughter during prayer! John also shows that he is nasty as he calls Abigail a whore. Consequently this proves that John Proctor wants to seek revenge on Abigail. Even though this makes Abigail sound like the victim she is not as she is the one who is making false allegations against honest, well respected members of the community. When John is presenting his own case to save his life he is like a hero and he is very brave. He tells Danforth what he actually thinks of him: I see the boot of Lucifer, I see his dirty face, and it is my face and yours Danforth!

Tuesday, January 21, 2020

Plagiarism :: Cheating Internet Computer Ethics Essays

Plagiarism Plagiarism, or the unaccredited use of another's work or ideas, has become more and more of a problem in recent times than it was in the past. According to statistics found in a survey conducted by the Free Press, 58% of high school students let someone copy their work in 1969, but by 1989 this number had risen to 97%. The expansion of the World Wide Web and the number of people accessing the Web on a regular basis has caused an epidemic of plagiarism in this country, especially among students. This is a serious problem that must be addressed because many students feel that if they are not getting in trouble for cheating, than it is okay. Children are taught to use computers at incredibly young ages, and according to Ann Lanthrop plagiarism has become a problem even in the lowest levels of elementary education. It has become so easy for students to access information for their homework and papers on the Internet that some students feel they should not have to work even a little to receive the grades that they desire. High school students get out of reading novels for their English classes by reading "book notes" online. While in the past students had access to these materials, websites such as Spark Notes, Monkey Notes, and a number of other websites have made access to these "study guides" free to students, causing the temptation to cheat to be even harder to ignore. The Web also offers many ways for students to obtain term papers or essays at a low cost. In many cases, these students do not even bother to change any piece of the paper! The simplicity of the Internet has made cheating on assignments much more effortl ess than in the past, even if students are not directly copying and pasting from Websites, they can also email homework problems and essay questions to every member of the class. Plagiarism is a severe issue that needs to be addressed by both teachers and parents with children while they are still young enough to fear the consequences of their actions. In the United States it is illegal for one to plagiarize the copyrighted work of another human being. Not only does plagiarism violate legal statutes, but it also infringes on longstanding morals and ethics.

Monday, January 13, 2020

Competition and Markets

United Parcel Service, Inc. is the brand name that this paper seeks to analyze using its monopolistic characteristics and the advertising trends in the company. With its headquarters in Sandy Springs, Georgia, the company is so far the world’s largest package delivery company.United Parcel Service, Inc major competitors in the US market are the United States Postal Services and FedEx which are also joined with other international operators among of them being: Royal Mail, Japan Post, LDH Express, and FCML Couriers among many other international delivery companies.It is therefore practical to state that United Parcel Service, Inc does not enjoy a purely monopolistic market although various characteristics in its operations have enabled it to enjoy a larger share of the delivery market. In a single day for instance, it delivers over 15 million packages to 6. 1 million customers in m ore than 200 countries (Heijdra and Brakman 2004). UPS gained its popular brand name originally f orm its brown trucks which are responsible for ‘The Big Brown Machine’ name that is locally used to refer to it.Advertising especially in firms characterized by monopolistic features aims at benefiting the producer to increase the sales levels (Semenik and O’Guinn 2008). On the other hand though, it is argued that advertisement serves a role in ensuring that consumers are more enlightened on market supply hence reduce the risks of making uninformed purchase decisions. Some economists though argue against advertisement stating that it leads to misallocation of resources in the economy as consumers are propelled into buying what they had not intended to initially.It is also argued that it promotes unfair market dominance as firms aim at enhancing their brand name at the expense of other players in the industry. Basing on the reasoning, put above advertising is the only way for firms in monopolistic market to ensure they maintain their edge in the market (Kapferer 2 008). References Kapferer, J, 2008, The new strategic brand management, K. P. P. , Washington D. C. Heijdra, B & Brakman, S, 2004, The monopolistic competition revolution in retrospect, C. U. P. , California. Semenik, R & O’Guinn, T, 2008, Advertising and Integrated Brand Promotion, Cengage Learning, Boston.

Saturday, January 4, 2020

The Olmec The First Great Mesoamerican Civilization.

The Olmec were the first great Mesoamerican civilization. They thrived along Mexico’s Gulf coast, mainly in the present-day states of Veracruz and Tabasco, from about 1200 to 400 B.C., although there were pre-Olmec societies before that and post-Olmec (or Epi-Olmec) societies afterward. The Olmec were great artists and traders who culturally dominated early Mesoamerica from their mighty cities of San Lorenzo and La Venta. Olmec culture was greatly influential on later societies, such as the Maya and the Aztec. Before the Olmec The Olmec civilization is considered by historians to be â€Å"pristine:† this means that it developed on its own, without the benefit of immigration or cultural exchange with some other established society. Generally, only six pristine cultures are thought to exist: those of ancient India, Egypt, China, Sumeria, and the Chavin Culture of Peru in addition to the Olmec. That’s not to say that the Olmec appeared out of thin air. As early as 1500 B.C. pre-Olmec relics were being created at San Lorenzo, where the Ojochà ­, Bajà ­o, and Chichà ¡rras cultures would eventually develop into the Olmec. San Lorenzo and La Venta Two major Olmec cities are known to researchers: San Lorenzo and La Venta. These are not the names the Olmec knew them by: their original names have been lost to time. San Lorenzo thrived from approximately 1200-900 B.C. and it was the greatest city in Mesoamerica at the time. Many important works of art have been found in and around San Lorenzo, including the sculptures of the hero twins and ten colossal heads. The El Manatà ­ site, a bog which contained many priceless Olmec artifacts, is associated with San Lorenzo. After about 900 B.C., San Lorenzo was eclipsed in influence by La Venta. La Venta was also a mighty city, with thousands of citizens and far-reaching influence in the Mesoamerican world. Many thrones, colossal heads, and other major pieces of Olmec art have been found at La Venta. Complex A, a religious complex located in the royal compound at La Venta, is one of the most important ancient Olmec sites. Olmec Culture The ancient Olmec had a rich culture. Most of the common Olmec citizens labored in the fields producing crops or spent their days fishing in the rivers. Sometimes, massive amounts of manpower would be required to move immense boulders many miles to the workshops where sculptors would turn them into great stone thrones or colossal heads. The Olmec had religion and a mythology, and the people would gather near the ceremonial centers to watch their priests and rulers perform ceremonies. There was a priest class and a ruling class who lived privileged lives in the higher parts of the cities. On a more ghastly note, evidence suggests that the Olmec practiced both human sacrifice and cannibalism. Olmec Religion and Gods The Olmec had a well-developed religion, complete with an interpretation of the cosmos and several gods. To the Olmec, there were three parts of the known universe. First was the earth, where they lived, and it was represented by the Olmec Dragon. The watery underworld was the realm of the Fish Monster, and the Skies were the home of the Bird Monster. In addition to these three gods, researchers have identified five more: the Maize God, the Water God, the Feathered Serpent, the Banded-eye God and the were-jaguar. Some of these gods, such as the Feathered Serpent, would live on in the religions of later cultures such as the Aztecs and Maya. Olmec Art The Olmec were very talented artists whose skill and aesthetics are still admired today. They are best known for their colossal heads. These massive stone heads, thought to represent rulers, stand several feet high and weigh many tons. The Olmecs also made massive stone thrones: squarish blocks, carved on the sides, which were evidently used for rulers to sit or stand upon. The Olmecs made large and small sculptures, some of which are very significant. La Venta Monument 19 features the first image of a feathered serpent in Mesoamerican art. The El Azuzul twins seem to prove a link between the ancient Olmec and the Popol Vuh, the sacred book of the Maya. The Olmecs also made countless smaller pieces, including celts, figurines, and masks. Olmec Trade and Commerce: The Olmec were great traders who had contacts with other cultures from Central America to the Valley of Mexico. They traded away their finely made and polished celts, masks, figurines and small statues. In return, they obtained materials such as jadeite and serpentine, goods such as crocodile skins, seashells, shark teeth, stingray spines and basic necessities like salt. They also traded for cacao and brightly colored feathers. Their skill as traders helped disseminate their culture to different contemporary civilizations, which helped establish them as the parent culture for several later civilizations. Decline of the Olmec and the Epi-Olmec Civilization: La Venta went into decline around 400 B.C. and the Olmec civilization vanished along with it. The great Olmec cities were swallowed up by the jungles, not to be seen again for thousands of years. Why the Olmec declined is a bit of a mystery. It may have been climate change as the Olmec were dependent on a few basic crops and climate change could have affected their harvests. Human actions, such as warfare, overfarming or deforestation may have played a role in their decline as well. After the fall of La Venta, the center of what is known as epi-Olmec civilization became Tres Zapotes, a city which prospered for a while after La Venta. The epi-Olmec people of Tres Zapotes were also talented artists who developed concepts such as writing systems and a calendar. Importance of the Ancient Olmec Culture: The Olmec civilization is very important to researchers. As the parent civilization of much of Mesoamerica, they had influence out of proportion with their military might or architectural works. Olmec culture and religion survived them and became the foundation of other societies such as the Aztecs and Maya. Sources Coe, Michael D and Rex Koontz. Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs. 6th Edition. New York: Thames and Hudson, 2008 Cyphers, Ann. Surgimiento y decadencia de San Lorenzo, Veracruz. Arqueologà ­a Mexicana Vol XV - Num. 87 (Sept-Oct 2007). P. 30-35. Diehl, Richard. The Olmecs: Americas First Civilization. Hardcover, Thames and Hudson, December 31, 2004. Gonzalez Tauck, Rebecca B. El Complejo A: La Venta, Tabasco Arqueologà ­a Mexicana Vol XV - Num. 87 (Sept-Oct 2007). p. 49-54. Grove, David C. Cerros Sagradas Olmecas. Trans. Elisa Ramirez. Arqueologà ­a Mexicana Vol XV - Num. 87 (Sept-Oct 2007). P. 30-35. Miller, Mary and Karl Taube. An Illustrated Dictionary of the Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. New York: Thames Hudson, 1993.